Friday, September 18, 2015

86. The Books of Poetry: Introduction

Don't Be So Technical


The books we are going to study next are called the books of poetry.  The word "poetry" is, of course, used in its broadest sense. The five books in this group deal with philosophical, psychological and theological observations, and how these relate to a person's emotional experiences.

Because these books treat of the emotional, not the historical or technical, aspect of humanity, it is important not to take literally those things which are meant to be similes, metaphors, figures of speech, hyperbolas, etc.  These tools, and many others fill up the writer's tool bag so that the reader will become interested in the presented material and hopefully the reader's life will be enriched by the subject matter proffered.

An example of this kind of "poetry" is found in Job 6:6, Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt?  Of course, it can!  Still, the answer the writer would expect is, no, it can not, because it does not taste good.


We know that there are two distinct types of people when it relates to how they see given facts.  There are those who see the technical, mechanical side of things.  To them, everything must be logical and the given facts must mean what they say.  They read the Bible and believe that, when possible, it must be accepted as it is written.  This outlook leads to a shallow appreciation of the books of poetry.

There are also the creative people, the artists, those who are not as involved with facts; they rather ask the question, "what does it mean to me"?  They delve into the poetic books and gather a goldmine of spiritual truths; things that encourage, guide, lead to worship.  For them, these books can be a very emotional experience.

Unfortunately, for me, I belong to the first category.  For example, I notice that even when I read the Jewish hymns, the Psalms, or any other book of poetry in the Bible, I get involved with questions about the logistics of any given phrase.  I can get hung up with the question, how can this be when in another psalm the exact opposite was stated.  

Because these are emotional writings, written from the depths of the writer's soul, it is imperative to read them, not as a how-to book, but rather as, how will the reading of this help me to more fully worship Jehovah; how will my meditation help me live my Christian life more fully in tune with Christ's plan for me?  Because I tend to see the technical aspects of a statement I miss out on many of the spiritual truths found in the biblical books of poetry.

If a Bible teacher were to do a very detailed study and presentation of the five books of poetry, it is easy to see that it would take many years of that teacher's life.  I have no intention of going that route and so I will pick out only a few of the thoughts presented; some of those which have caught my eye in each one of the books.


The Book of Job



"Job" is pronounced with a long "o" as in "home".

The purpose of the book is to answer the question, Why do good people suffer? This is done by presenting a series of debates.  

Many Bible students insist that the Book of Job is actual history.  However, if one carefully looks at the things presented as facts it becomes quite clear that it is a fable, written to teach a basic spiritual or philosophical truth.   

Notice some of the illogical facts presented if this book is history.  

Before his problems came on him, Job had seven sons and three daughters. Job 1:2.  It is interesting that after his first ten children died He had also seven sons and three daughters. 42:13.  If he did have ten children again after his first ten died it is certainly more than probable that there would not again be exactly seven sons and three daughters.

His possessions also were seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen, five hundred female donkeys. 1:3.  However, after his ordeal was over He had fourteen thousand sheep, six thousand camels, one thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand female donkeys. Job 42:12. His possessions were all exactly double to what he had before.  The chances of that happening are infinitely small - except in a fiction book?  

Bible scholars explain the similarity this way.  These exact double numbers may be the nearest "rounded up" or "rounded down" numbers and the writer was trying to keep the numbers to an even thousand.  This reasoning sounds so illogical and shallow.  

If, in the first place he had seven thousand sheep, what is the likelihood that in the second setting he would not have had, perhaps, eleven or twelve thousand, rather than fourteen thousand?  Even if the exact double happened in one or two cases, it is unbelievable that it would have happened in the case of every kind of animal he possessed.

Notice another set of improbabilities:
1. there came a messenger to Job, and said, “The oxen were plowing, and the donkeys feeding beside them, and the Sabeans attacked, and took them away. ... I alone have escaped to tell you.” 

2. While he was still speaking, there also came another, and said, “The fire of God has fallen from the sky, and has burned up the sheep ... and I alone have escaped to tell you.” 

3. While he was still speaking, there came also another, and said, “The Chaldeans made three bands, and swept down on the camels, and have taken them away, ... I alone have escaped to tell you.”  

4. While he was still speaking, there came also another, and said, “Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking ... and ... there came a great wind from the wilderness, and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell on the young men, and they are dead. I alone have escaped to tell you.” Job 1:13-14.

In each of the four cases the speaker says, I alone have escaped to tell you.  Four out of four - unlikely!

In the last three cases, we are told that while the messenger was still speaking the next messenger came to bring bad news.  The law of averages would not look kindly on that happening - except in a fable, perhaps, written for the purpose of answering a philosophical question.

Friday, September 11, 2015

85. The Fallout of the Banquet


Scene 10


Murder Reversed


In the twelfth month, the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same.  Adar is the twelfth month on the Jewish calendar and it corresponds to the 2nd half of February and first half of March for us westerners.

when the king's command and his order came to be done, in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have power over them; this is the plan that Haman had concocted.

though it was turned around, so that the Jews had rule over the ones who hated them. The Jews gathered themselves in their cities throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus (Xerxes), in order to lay hand on any who sought their harm. This statement tells us that the Jews did not go around killing the non-Jews but rather that they 'huddled" together for protection from any who sought their harm. 

And yet ...

no man could withstand them, for the fear of them fell on all people. And all the rulers of the provinces, and the lieutenants and the governors and officers of the king helped the Jews, because the fear of Mordecai fell on them. Esther 9:1-3.  All the legal power was in the hands of Mordecai, the Jewish prime minister of Persia; if the local leaders would not have done their duty to protect the Jews, it was in Mordecai's hand to mete out punishment to the Persian lieutenants as he saw fit.

Even so, according to the Book of Esther, in Shushan the palace the Jews killed and destroyed five hundred men plus some others who are specifically named. 9:6.

Xerxes to Esther: The Jews have killed and destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the palace, and the ten sons of Haman. What have they done in the rest of the king's provinces? They killed seventy-five thousand of their foes. 9:14-16

Xerxes to Esther: What is your petition, that it may be granted you? Or what further request do you have? And it shall be done. 9:13-14.  Either the history of this book cannot be trusted or else the king must have been insane.  More than 75,000 of the national populace had just been massacred by the Jews and he said to the Jewish queen, what more should we do for sport tomorrow.


Let's Do It Again



Esther to Xerxes: let it be granted to the Jews in Shushan to do tomorrow also according to this day's decree, and let Haman's ten sons be hanged on the wooden gallows. 9:12.  So on the 14th of Adar, the Jews again killed three hundred men at Shushan. 9:15.  Self-preservation is one thing but asking for a second day in which to do some more "getting even" is just going too far.  This is not the picture we have of the righteous Queen Esther.

Because the Jews in the other cities had not heard the news that they were allowed to kill again on the 14th day of the month Adar, they made it a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and a day of sending portions to one another. Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters to all the Jews to establish among them that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of the same, yearly, as the days in which the Jews rested from their enemies, and the month which was turned to them from sorrow to joy, and from mourning into a good day; that they should make them days of feasting and joy, and of sending portions to one another, and gifts to the poor. 9:20-22.

the order of Esther confirmed these matters of Purim. And it was written in the book. 9:32. This was the origin of the Feast of Purim!

Note: A number of posts ago I showed how the Bible is divided so that it resembles a library with each type of literature standing on its own shelf.  We have now finished studying the books of history, which is the second shelf in the old section of the library.  We will be starting with the third shelf which is The Books of Poetry.  To see the post I am referring to, see:

http://spaceshiptheology.blogspot.com/2014/10/38-old-testament-library.html

Friday, September 4, 2015

84. The Banquet


Scene 7


The Truth Comes Out


The king and Haman came to the banquet of Esther the queen. 

Xerxes to the Queen: What is your petition, Queen Esther, that it may be granted you? And what is your request? And it shall be performed, even to the half of the kingdom. 

Esther: If we had been sold as slaves, I would have kept quiet.  But we are sold, my people and I, to be destroyed, to be killed, and to perish. 

Xerxes: Who is he, and where is the one who dares presume in his heart to do so? 

Esther: The man who is our adversary and enemy is this wicked Haman. 


Haman was afraid before the king and the queen. The king ... in his wrath went into the palace garden.  Haman knew the king well enough to see that evil was determined against him by the king.  Haman stood up to beg for his life from Esther the queen.  The king returned out of the palace garden into the place of the banquet.

Haman had fallen on the bed on which Esther was.  They were in the banquet hall, not in the queen's bedroom.  Ancient custom was that people would lounge while they were eating and in the Hebrew text the word is not, "bed" but "couch".

 Xerxes, on returning to the hall: Will he also force the queen before me in the house? 

It is true that the king accuses Haman of attempted rape, but Bible commentators agree that this was simply an exaggeration, spoken in anger.

Haman was much too concerned about what the king would do to him to try and rape the queen at that time.  He was pleading for mercy from the queen and he would not have done anything to upset her at such a time.


As the word went out of the king's mouth, they covered Haman's face.  The Hebrew text says, the face of Haman they hooded; probably much as modern-day convicts are "hooded" just before they face the firing squad.  The guards which were present knew immediately the intent of the king's statement.  Haman was deemed to no longer be worthy to behold the king's face.

Harbonah, to the king: Also look! the wooden gallows fifty cubits high which Haman made for Mordecai, who had spoken good for the king, stands in the house of Haman.  

Probably not in the house but rather in the courtyard.

Xerxes: Hang him on it! 


Scene 8


The Death of Haman


They hanged Haman on the wooden gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai. And the king's wrath lay down (was appeased). 7:1-10.


Instead of the word, tree, in 2:23, the Hebrew text has the word, wood.   It is commonly agreed that the word, gallows, with the meaning we attach to it, should not be used here because the Persians did not hang criminals by the neck; rather they crucified them, as Christ was also crucified.   That is why it is important to use the word, wood, as the Hebrew Bible has it, rather than gallows.  The CEV uses the word, tower.

Scene 9


A major Change of Plans


On that day King Ahasuerus gave the house of Haman, the Jews' enemy, to Esther the queen. And Mordecai came before the king, for Esther had told what he was to her.  And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman. 

Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal clothing of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple. And the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad.

Esther, with tears, to Xerxes: Please put a stop to the evil plot of Haman, which he had plotted against the Jews. ... For how can I bear to see the evil that shall come on my people? Or how can I endure to see the slaughter of my kindred?

Xerxes: You write for the Jews as you wish, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring.  The Persian rule is that even I cannot undo a law that has been sealed with my ring.  However, you may write a rule that counters the first rule so that the Jews may protect themselves on that day.

The scribes wrote in all the varied languages of the Persian kingdom and the letters were sealed, and again sent by "pony express".

The Jews had light and gladness and joy and honor. And in every province, and in every city where the king's command and his order came, the Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day.  They now had permission to protect themselves on what would otherwise have been a fatal day for the Jewish race.  This was such a notorious event that the Jews still celebrate that holiday annually.

And many of the people of the land became Jews, for the fear of the Jews fell on them. Est 8:1-17. They pretended to be Jews so that the Jews would not kill them on that appointed day.